Unfortunately, there's really not much info contained in the book, but here's some of the text describing the locations. I'll look through it again this evening and see if there's any interesting notes that might be insightful for the canon in any of the text that briefly describes their design methods and such, but I don't remember there being much in that regard.

Kamchatka
An unsettled world, too harsh for most life, Kamchatka appears to have been a Forerunner communication network hub. Of little interest to any but the most intrepid adventurers, Kamchatka remains unexplored.

Infinity and Argent Moon
Both the UNSC Infinity and Argent Moon have their roles in the fleet. Infinity is the flagship and at 3.5 miles long is home to thousands of the UNSC's best and brightest, who place their lives on the line daily. As for Argent Moon, her purpose was always something darker . . .

Meridian
A former colony world, glassed by the Covenant forces during the Human-Covenant War, Meridian now lies beyond UNSC jurisdiction, controlled by the Liang-Dortmund Corporation.

Swords of Sanghelios
The Arbiter's forces have taken the name Swords of Sanghelios in their war to extinguish the Covenant's false light and bring about a lasting peace. As Sparth articulates, "the Swords of Sanghelios are involved in a revolution on their planet. They are disconnected from the Covenant-loyal Elites because religiously they are very different. As a result, this is the first time that we really differentiate them from the Covenant.

Not really much in the way of substantial information, and I'm not sure there's anything we didn't already know in there. Like I said, I'll give it another look this evening for any other pertinent information. All of that is just from the first section of the book on the locations, but the rest of the book seems lighter on text, and especially lighter on canonical text, instead providing more along the lines of designer insights and such.