Perhaps there's similarities here, but it seems doubtful (to me at least) that Bungie actually derived material from this particular edda.
I disagree that Mythworld looks anything like France. There's no Cloudspine in France, unless you take the Alps to be the 'spine and France as the Province, in which case France is entirely the wrong shape and you'd have to deal with the presence of Spain somehow.
Anyway, races of giants exist in legends and histories all over the world, so its kinda hard to say where Bungie got inspiration for the Trow from. (Unlike the Forest Giants, which are clearly Tolkienish in origin).
cheers
Iron